A promoter reported in cDNA corresponding to IRES sequence: no
The total number of notable open-reading frames (ORFs): 1
Summary of possible issues when IRES cDNA is experimentally transcribed in vivo:
Summary of experiments studying integrity of the in vivo transcripts in a particular host:
Integrity (uniformity) of mRNA tested using Northern-blot: unclear_result
Integrity (uniformity) of mRNA tested using RNase protection: not_tested
Integrity (uniformity) of mRNA tested using 5'-RACE: not_tested
Integrity (uniformity) of mRNA tested using primer extension : not_tested
Integrity (uniformity) of mRNA tested using RT-PCR: not_tested
Integrity (uniformity) of mRNA tested using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rtqPCR): not_tested
Integrity (uniformity) of mRNA tested using RNAi: not_tested
Integrity (uniformity) of mRNA tested using S1 nuclease mapping: not_tested
Cryptic promoter presence was confirmed by expression from a promoter-less plasmid: no_promoter_confirmed
Cryptic promoter presence was confirmed in an experimental setup involving inducible promoter: not_tested
Integrity (uniformity) of mRNA molecules or possible promoter presence expressed in vivo was tested using another method, please specify in Remarks: not_tested
The description of the protein encoded in this ORF: reaper
The translational frameshift (ribosome slippage) involved: 0
The ribosome read-through involved: no
The alternative forms of this protein occur by the alternative initiation of translation: no
The ORF absolute position (the base range includes START and STOP codons or their equivalents): 169-366
OPTIONAL: The function of the encoded protein
down-regulates inhibitors of apoptosis by inhibition of general protein synthesis and by protein degradation
Remarks:
White et al. (1994) refer to 5'UTR sequence GI:476009 (L31631) 854 bp. There is a similar record
GI:24666289 (NM_079414) 851bp which has similar sequence as well. In contrast, White et al. (1994)
stated that rpr appears to encode single polyadenylated transcript of approx. 1300bp. IRESite annotation is
based on NM_079414 sequence. A BLAST search against EST databases reveals that only regions 347-584 650-851 of
the NM_079414 record appear to be expressed.
It appears GenBank annotators took over the putative gene prediction from GI:476009 (L31631) 854 bp published
in 1994. Subsequently GI:17737620 (NM_079414.1) and finally GI:24666289 (NM_079414.2) were published by NCBI
staff. All these records lack the very last 2 nucleotides of the TGA stop codon shown in Fig. 7 in White et
al. (1994). FlyBase annotation at http://flybase.bio.indiana.edu/reports/FBgn0011706.html took over the
annotation again and annotated the "Reported size (kD)" to be "65 aa" and in "Comments" they claim "GO
molecular function: physical interaction reported".
Hernandez et al. (2004) used also Drosophila embryo lysates for in vitro translation of
both, capped and uncapped mRNAs obtained by T3 polymerase. They used pFluc-Rluc plasmid, so have swapped the
reporter genes than usual. Integrity of the transcripts was not verified convincingly (Northern-blots only).
In contrary, direct RNA transfection shown in Figure 2G demonstrates cap-independent mode of translation.
Possible promoter existence was eliminated for reaper 5'-UTR using promoter-less construct in vivo
using SL2 cells (while it was confirmed for eIF4E1 of Drosophila). Integrity of bicistronic constructs used
in vivo was tested by Northern blot. Integrity of the in vitro transcripts was monitored using traces
of 32P-labeled co-reporter RNA. Most of the experiments performed utilized in vitro translation of
capped/uncapped monocistronic mRNAs.
The IRES name: reaper Warning: please make ires_name same as the gene_name and optionally append to it coordinates. E.g. when gene/virus name is EMCV-R use EMCV-R_-222_to_-1 or EMCV-R_1-456, etc. but not Emcv-R-... or EMCV-222_to_-1. Please keep case of letters as well. This rewards when searching through the database.
The IRES absolute position (the range includes START and STOP codons or their equivalents): 1-168
Conclusion: weakly_supported_IRES
How IRES boundaries were determined: guessed
The sequence of IRES region aligned to its secondary structure (if available):
Remarks:
Authors do not specify the length of 5'-UTR sequence tested, thus the whole 5'UTR sequence is marked here as
containing IRES. The translational activity of rpr 5'-UTR was confirmed in a cell-free Drosophila-embryo
translation system and in Drosophila S2 cells. See Figure 2G and 5D in Hernadez et al. (2004).